POLICY FOR ICT
FOREWORD
The digitalisation of information processes and the rapid growth of network connectivity over the last few decades have affected our social, political, and economic spheres and changed the way we communicate in general as well as how we do business.
Consequently, this has brought about greater efficiency and effectiveness in the manner in which information resources are generated, stored, shared and processed with the added potential to generate significant social and economic development gains for Zimbabwe by promoting investor confidence and tapping into business opportunities hatched on the transformative power of ICTs.
Under the National Development Strategy 1 (NDS 1), the Government of Zimbabwe has prioritised ICTs as a cross cutting measure to reduce the urban-rural divide and enable access to ICTs by all its citizens. The reviewed Zimbabwe National Information and Communication Technology Policy (2022-2027) follows suite by placing more focus on issues of infrastructure development and management, research, innovation and industry development, policy streamlining, equal access across gender and other marginalised groups, regulatory framework on ICTs and institutional mechanisms, as well as capacity building and content development. The aforementioned, and the resultant natural spillover policies within the sector, provide the framework for providing practical tools for enhancing technical assistance, industry collaboration and regional and international co-operation, at the same time building the capacity of national authorities and industry players in the field of ICTs, while encouraging the exchange of information, experience and best practices within Zimbabwe and across our borders.
Whilst Government has been making great strides in the use of ICTs by introducing various e-Government services to the citizenry, effort and investment shall continue to be made in the fields of ICT backbone infrastructure development, smart education, smart health, smart agriculture, research and development, and capacity building and skills upgrade in ICTs. As a signatory to a number of international and regional conventions and treaties such as the United Nations World Summit on Information Society (WSIS), which set the initial goals in 2003 for ICT growth in member states worldwide, and its membership of global bodies such as the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), Zimbabwe is set to continue to develop into a knowledge based and middle-income society, leveraging on its massive and talented human resources, leaving no one and no place behind, by 2030.
His Excellency Dr. Emmerson D. Mnangagwa
PRESIDENT
INTRODUCTION
POLICY FOR ICT
The Zimbabwe National Vision 2030 aims to transform the economy into an upper middle income society offering a high quality of life to its citizens. In this Digital Age, the development and effective implementation of ICT Policies is therefore critical for Zimbabwe to harness the
full potential of ICTs in driving inclusive and sustainable development through promoting universal access to information, uninterrupted universal connectivity to the Internet, good digital governance, e-commerce, and equitable quality education, among other important enablers of socio-economic development. The government is committed to the development, implementation and use of ICTs across all economic sectors by introducing the Digital Economy priority area in the National Development Strategy 1 (NDS1) which is buttressed in the Smart Zimbabwe 2030 Master Plan. Ancillary to this is the need to timeously review the National ICT Policy to ensure that the evolving information communication technology landscape is characterized by enabling frameworks that support a robust digital society.
Globally, it has been established that the digital divide is widening between the ‘digital haves’ and the ‘digital have-nots’ and closing the gaps-locally, nationally and globally requires creative ‘pro-people ICT Policies’ that focus on national priorities, and on areas that will have a positive impact on people’s lives. In this regard, this Policy has been aligned with the country’s Vision, NDS1 in priority area and the Smart Zimbabwe 2030 Master Plan towards having a digital economy on the journey to becoming “an upper-middle -income society by the year 2030”.
According to the Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development, “Half the world’s population was expected to be connected to the Internet by the end of 2019. The unconnected are unable to benefit from key social and economic resources in our expanding digital world”1.
This requires exceptional and coordinated efforts from governments, the private sector, development partners and civil society. Furthermore, confident, creative and productive ICT capability and utility of skills purposefully, safely and responsibly have become essential in the information age which is characterized by exponential technological advancements that continue to impact modern society. While confidence, creativity and productive use of ICTs is preceded by requisite digital skills, safety while transacting online is underpinned by cyber security and data protection which remain essential prerequisites for participation in the digital knowledge economy.
The adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), African Union’s (AU) Agenda 2063, whose realisation partly depends on broadband, and the Digital Transformation Strategy for Africa (2020-2030) places emphasis on technology – including the ICTs – as a means for implementation of these globally and continentally agreed development goals. According to the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) broadband gap analysis, 83% of African countries have broadband plans and therefore the need for broadband is not in dispute.
Instead, the focus is on how to achieve universal broadband for all in Africa. In particular, an enabling transparent, pro-competitive, technologically neutral and predictable policy and regulatory framework that reflect on national realities and best practice are essential for
building a people-centered Information Society.
POLICY FOR ICT
According to POTRAZ’s 2021 third quarter Abridged ICT Sector report, the Internet penetration stood at 62.6% and the mobile population coverage stood at 99.87% 2G, 93.47% 3G and 35% LTE. However, high speed broadband coverage is still limited for most rural and
formally marginalized communities. In addition, though the liberalization of the ICT sector has brought about the potential for further growth of internet users in the country affordability and digital skills coupled with disparities in urban/rural, gender, people with disabilities, etc, across users still present challenges. The local ICT industry also needs to develop to create innovative services and employment for the citizens. This policy seeks to address these digital connectivity disparities currently obtaining.
Upon the lapse of the Zimbabwe National Policy on ICTs (2016 – 2020), this policy review has been effected in line with the technological advancements and national development priorities.
This Policy is important to Zimbabwe since ICTs have become a life blood development tool providing unprecedented opportunity to meet national development goals such as poverty reduction, provision of basic health care and education, among others far more effectively than
before.
This Policy is anchored on the priority areas of infrastructure and services, policy, legislation and regulation, digital skills, investment and funding, innovation and local production, inclusiveness, content and applications, emerging technologies, partnerships and collaboration,
sustainability and safe use of digital services. These policy priorities are backed by both demand and supply sides action areas supported by institutional frameworks responsible for the implementation and coordination of the policy actions including flagship projects proposed to spur the Zimbabwean digital agenda. A monitoring and evaluation plan has also been included to take stock of the status of implementation of action areas throughout the term of the policy. This will, among other aspects, cover the Smart Zimbabwe 2030 master plan, the
e-Government roll out, provision of power supply and other supporting infrastructure, and improvement of efficiency of state enterprises and parastatals.
In order to mobilize key stakeholders and the public in the implementation of the policy, a communication plan to create awareness, understanding and commitment to the achievement of Zimbabwe National Vision 2030 and digital agenda has been provided in Part 5 to further entrench the vision of a knowledge-based society with ubiquitous connectivity by 2030.
BACKGROUND
Sustainable development cannot be achieved without a robust information and communications technology (ICT) sector to drive the necessary change across all sectors of the economy. ICT have a positive impact on reducing costs and increasing the quality of management of business and public administration. The technologies enhance public service delivery, competitiveness of business, economic and societal modernization. They also have a revolutionary power as a catalyst for change, modernization and innovation, connecting people and communities, improving standards of living, and creating new trade opportunities both locally and internationally. This offers developing countries like Zimbabwe an opportunity to accelerate economic development by modernizing production systems and rapidly increasing
competitiveness in this global village.
Zimbabwe has made significant strides in the deployment and use of ICTs. However, the economic challenges that the country has experienced over the past decade has significantly delayed progress in transforming the country into a knowledge-based economy. ICTs are
undoubtedly an integral part of the socio-economic and political development of any country since it is a catalyst for development globally. In line with these realities, Zimbabwe has also embraced the inclusion of ICT in all aspects and areas of its society, supported by a dedicated Ministry for Information Communication Technology, Postal and Courier Services (MICTPCS). In addition, the growth of the Internet, has led to the adoption of online service marketing and other online services.
Further, the Internet has also led to the advent of e-learning, e-business, e-commerce, and digital networks that enable online business such as gaming, shopping, social networking, and online entertainment to name a few. The second Zimbabwe National Policy for Information and Communication Technologies (2016-2020) , was a culmination of a review process that considered the first Zimbabwe National ICT Policy 2015 through a consultative process that involved stakeholders from around all the provinces of the country. The key policy objectives in the 2016 ICT policy included the following:
a) Facilitate delivery of the National Development Strategy and other National Developmental goals
b) Enable and foster access to and increased use of telecommunications in agriculture, education, health, government etc.
c) Achieve ICT leadership in Africa
d) Bridge the digital divide
e) Manage challenges resulting from the telecommunications/ICT development
f) Lead, improve and adapt to the changing telecommunications/ICT environment The Zimbabwe National Policy on Monitoring and Evaluation requires that “A Process Evaluation shall be carried out within the first twelve months and thereafter every five years. There shall, however, be a continuous Review Process of the Policy” (Section 8.3 on Review of Policy). The National ICT Policy (2016-2020) elapsed and a new policy that takes into account new developmental needs is therefore mandatory.
1.1 Vision
1.2 Mission
POLICY FOR ICT
In this regard, this reviewed policy (Zimbabwe National Policy for ICT 2022-2027) has been developed through consultations which brought about a shared vision, unity of purpose, and joint ownership of the ICT policy. This approach was adopted in order to not only enhance the
quality of the final product, but to also ensure that the same product was a people driven output with which people would claim ownership. This resulted in the citizenry having a sense of commitment to the policy-making which will contribute to its successful implementation by
all stakeholders.
The new National ICT Policy 2022-2027 (ZNICTP 2022) is informed by the Zimbabwe National Vision 2030 and the economic blueprint NDS I. In the vision, Zimbabwe aims to attain an “upper middle-income economy” status by 2030. The NDS1 identifies a digital economy as one of the priority areas towards the socio-economic transformation of Zimbabwe. During the NDS1 period, in order to enhance ICT access, usage, digital skilling and industrial development, measures will be put in place to develop smart solutions such as Smart Government, Smart Agriculture, Smart health, Smart Transport and Smart Cities through the use of ICTs and other emerging technologies.
Consequently, the National Vision and Mission with respect to ICTs are as follows:
A knowledge-based society with ubiquitous connectivity by 2030.
1.3 Guiding values
Exploit the potential of ICTs for sustainable socio-economic development in Zimbabwe.
ICTs are known to strengthen democratic values and promote gender equality and the interest of marginalised groups. Therefore, the values underpinning this policy are thus democracy, equality and inclusiveness, innovativeness and sustainability.
Consistent with the vision, mission, and guiding values, this policy covers the following pillars:
a) Regulatory principles and approaches
b) Infrastructure and Services
c) Digital Society
d) Industry growth sector (ICT in social sector and economic sectors)
e) Institutional frameworks
f) Emerging technologies
g) Human capacity, Confidence and Security
h) Inclusiveness
i) Sustainability
In addition, the policy actions in the elapsed policy which were not realised are included in this policy for the period 2022-2027.
MAIN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS AND ICT STATUS IN ZIMBABWE
Key Demographic and Socio-Economic Indicators
Zimbabwe has an estimated population of 14,546,961 in 2016, and occupies a land area of 150,803 sq. mi (390,784 sq. km). It is bordered on the north by Zambia, on the northeast and east by Mozambique, on the south by South Africa, and on the southwest and west by
Botswana. The capital and largest city is Harare. The population growth rate for Zimbabwe is currently estimated at 1.1 %. The county’s major
population is in rural areas with 67.76%, where mainly the underserved communities are located. ICTs have an important role to play in addressing the needs of the citizens including the provision of education through e-learning.
Policy, Legal and Regulatory Frameworks
The telecommunications sector in Zimbabwe was liberalised through the Postal and Telecommunications Act [Chapter 12:05], No. 4 of 2000 which came into operation in the same year and demerged the Postal and Telecommunication Corporation into three entities [Zimbabwe National Policy for ICT (2016-2020)]. The three entities were authorised to operate with postal, telecommunication and cellular telecommunication licenses (ibid, 2016-2020).
The regulatory entities in the ICT space are the Postal and Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Zimbabwe (POTRAZ), the Zimbabwe Media Commission (ZMC) and the Broadcasting Authority of Zimbabwe (BAZ) (ICT Policy, 2016-2020, Section 5). Government then established the Cabinet Committee on Scientific Research, Technology Development and Applications to provide support to the regulatory bodies. The ICT Policy states that arrangements were made to computerise government ministries in the core centres of Zimbabwe and the creation of a Ministry responsible for ICT. The aim of this move was strategic to ensure that ICT was introduced into the Government sectors and cascaded downwards in the long run. Moreover, the introduction of ICT in Government ensured that the officials who manned the departments would themselves be equipped to train other government Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs). The move also spurred innovation within the sectors in which ICT was initially mandated to be introduced. The Zimbabwe ICT Policy (2016-2020) sought among other things to:
a) Enhance collective efforts between relevant institutions and Government,
b) Facilitate the introduction of ICT education and its use in primary and secondary schools as well as vocational training centres and tertiary institutions,
c) Promote e-learning throughout the country,
d) Enhance research in ICTs,
e) Cultivate an e-commerce culture,
f) Enhance business innovation and transparency,
g) Ensure that consumers are empowered through ICT use and knowledge,
h) Encourage investment in ICT and enhance Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) especially in infrastructure development initiatives, and,
i) Promote regulatory and institutional efficiency and effectiveness.
ICT Challenges in Zimbabwe
The ICT sector is faced with both supply and demand challenges which curtail the realisation of the full potential of ICTs and which are addressed by this policy:
Supply side challenges
a) Inadequate communications infrastructure including for people with special needs – high speed broadband coverage is still limited
b) Inadequate commercial electricity – national power grid does not cover the whole country leaving the majority of the population with no power sources load shedding
has exacerbated the problems into urban areas
c) Duplication of both passive and active equipment by ICT service providers – though services providers have embraced passive infrastructure sharing much needs to be done on sharing active infrastructure
d) Local industries have not been developed to lessen technological dependency in the form of importation of hardware and software into Zimbabwe
e) Fragmented approach to the development and implementation of the ICTs.
f) Inadequate foreign currency allocation for ICTs
g) Sanctions – service providers are failing to access critical ICT services and products from key international vendors due to ZIDERA.
Demand side challenges
a) Inadequate ICT skills – there is a shortage of ICT skilled manpower to roll out ICT programmes and for productive use of ICTs
b) High internet prices for service subscriptions hence the need for intervention from the regulator to protect the consumer
c) Limited awareness – Citizens are not fully aware of ICT policies and regulations.
d) Inadequate local content
e) Insufficient online government information – government is yet to fully automate and digitize its business operations.
f) High cost of ICTs-devices, servers, network equipment etc
Strategies to Mitigate ICT Challenges
This policy aims at addressing the gaps identified in the development of the ICT sector in Zimbabwe. The following are some of the possible strategies to mitigate the challenges being faced so as to achieve the objectives of the policy.
Supply Side
a)Increase national bandwidth by promoting competition in the deployment and use of fibre-optic cables on key internet routes, especially those that link the country to the undersea cables and between cities including by reducing copper wire on key routes and dependence on V-SAT connections for these routes
b) Make Wi-Fi more freely available including for educational use
c) Expand coverage of postal services to the rest of the country and automate the post offices
d) Increase the international gateway capacity to supply sufficient bandwidth to allow information out of and into Zimbabwe
e) Maximize voice and data traffic locally and regionally to build local and regional economies of scale by expanding service offering
f) Develop a national definition of universal service and universal access, which incorporates digital literacy and nationwide broadband presence
g) Strengthen institutions to deliver on the objectives of the ICT policy
h) Enact laws and issue regulations necessary to spur further development of the ICTs in Zimbabwe
i) Promote the widespread use of ICTs
j) Provide power supply and other complementary infrastructure necessary for the deployment of ICTs
Demand Side
To ensure commensurate adoption and utilisation of ICTs, the services and products offered should appeal to consumers and meet expected standards of quality, conformity, health and security. Thus, during the term of this policy, the following will ensue:
a) Address disparities across gender, income, age and location which lead to guarantee access to all
b) Promote development of digital skills for all citizens
c) Ensure affordability of ICTs
d) Support research and innovation by encouraging learning institutions to develop ICT solutions
e) Address access and affordability issues to enhance the use of the Internet
f) Support innovative solutions by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to the country’s connectivity and services challenges
g) Promote access to ICTs by youth, marginalised communities and people with disability in the framework of inclusiveness
h) Create awareness of the policy and the benefits of ICTs
i) Consumer protection including the protection of vulnerable groups
POLICY PRIORITY AREAS
These policy priorities are backed by both demand side and supply side action areas supported by institutional frameworks responsible for the implementation and coordination of the policy actions including flagship projects proposed to spur the Zimbabwean digital agenda. The
Government will thus promote the ICT agenda across the following priority areas.
Infrastructure and Services
The rapid evolution of the digital space necessitates continuous innovation, adaptation and agility. Further, ancillary demands on regulation such as for scarce resources as spectrum are imminent. As such, there is need to ensure that regulations are responsive and enabling to
facilitate roll out and uptake of new technologies and services. Aspects such as technical specification, type approvals, allocation of scarce sources and licensing should accommodate emerging technologies and trends to ensure that the ICT market is competitively ready for improved ICT experiences. An enabling regulatory environment is imperative to ensure that available and emergent infrastructure is optimally utilised. Critical information infrastructure should also be adequately secured.
Policy actions on infrastructure and services
The following specific actions will be taken to support this pillar:
a) Promote competition in the provision of ICT infrastructure and services
b) Promote the provision and maintenance of infrastructural facilities necessary for ICT development, such as reliable supply of energy, communications and transport facilities
c) Promote service research and innovations including disruptive technologies
d) Adopt integrated planning for ICT deployment with other sectors including energy and public works sectors to ensure that no crucial input is omitted
e) Ensure that existing infrastructure is effectively shared on both passive and active equipment to save on costs and improve coverage
f) Promote efficiency in operation of ICT infrastructure and services including managing of internet traffic at national level as well as on the gateways
g) Restructure the local Domain Name System (DNS) and internet exchange point (IXP) with a view to co-locating the management of the country’s DNS and IXP at the same location and under one entity
h) Promote the development and use of green energy to power ICTs
i) Facilitate the establishment of a national fibre backbone with open access by the State including through partnerships
j) Promote the use of ICT to address sustainable development challenges including employment creation, development of ICT enabled systems, eradication of corruption etc.
k) Promote adoption of ICT at all administrative levels of government
l) leverage on ICT to foster cybersecurity and enhance accountability and transparency in the public and private sectors.
Broadcasting Services
Due to convergence at the technological, applications and services level, it is envisaged that POTRAZ, ZMC and BAZ work closely together in support of the National ICT Policy (2022 2027) provisions. The common understanding is that ICT includes all types of telecommunication and broadcasting systems and services (wire-line, wireless, mobile, satellite), computer hardware, software, networks and services, content producing and managing multimedia systems.
The policy statement is:
To promote the development of broadcasting and telecommunications services through the provision of infrastructure to enable expansion of digital TV coverage in unserved and underserved areas; encouraging development of high quality, easily accessible, relevant local content; and ensuring that the radio frequency spectrum is managed in equitable and transparent manner with specific and clear conditions.
Postal and Courier Services
This National ICT Policy caters for the Postal Service General Operators that handle Postal and Courier traffic countrywide. It is the objective of this policy to expand coverage of postal services to the rest of the country and automate the post offices to enable support for e-services.
However, local postal and courier as well as international outgoing postal and courier items have steadily faced challenges over the past decade due to advances in technology thus the need for postal and courier services business innovation through adoption of emerging
technologies.
The policy statement is:
To support the implementation of future plans related to Zimbabwe’s postal and courier services, market structure and competition, National Address System, Zimbabwe Post Office infrastructure, Universal service and access and postal services generally”, as guided by the Postal Sector Policy.
Policy, Legislation and Regulation
An enabling environment is imperative for a functional ICT ecosystem. The volatility of the ICT sector and the transitory nature of innovation necessitates an agile legal, regulatory and institutional environment capable of responding to the changing needs of the market. The
promulgation of the Cyber and Data Protection Act (Chapter 12:07) ensured the increased consumer satisfaction and ethical use of ICTs. It also ensured improved data protection in order to build confidence and trust in the sector of information and communication
technologies.
In order to realise the objectives of this policy, the following policy, legislative and regulatory actions will be implemented during the term of the Policy to further support the overall vision of the Government:
a) Conduct regular and adequate policy reviews in consultation with stakeholders
b) Ensure consumers are protected during the dispensation of the rapid adoption and diffusion of ICTs including 3G, 4G (LTE), 5G, and other emerging technologies
c) Develop guidelines to provide a high level of protection for all people against substantiated adverse health effects from exposures to electromagnetic fields (EMFs)
d) Establish institutional mechanisms and procedures for determining sectoral ICT application priorities
e) Develop policy, legal and regulatory framework for adoption and use of emerging technologies in all sectors including public, growth and private sectors among others
f) Advocate for increased infrastructure sharing for both active and passive infrastructures
g) Regulate Mobile Virtual Networks (MVNOs)
h) Implement mobile number portability
i) Facilitate the integration of national policy and regulatory frameworks with regional frameworks
j) Review the current Universal Service Fund mandate and application framework to align the entire process with the MICTPCS Policy goals by amending the PTA Act (2000), [Chapter 12:05]
k) Enact legislative amendment to ensure that there exist autonomous regulatory bodies in the ICT sector as a way of dealing with issues of conflict of interest in the exercise of distinct regulatory mandates
l) Develop policies, legislation and regulations for Smart Solutions including for Smart Health, Smart learning, Smart Agriculture, Smart Manufacturing, Smart Transport, Smart Tourism, Smart Mining among others
m) Take legislative measures for a procurement quota system to support locally developed ICT solutions
n) Provide tax incentives for innovative ICT companies and those that take students on industrial attachment for ICT research and innovation
o) Enact legislation for digital financial services
p) Enact legal and regulatory framework for the National Data Centre
q) Enact framework for cloud computing and big data
r) Implement regulatory framework and processes to rationalize data tariffs to make broadband services more affordable and to increase usage
s) Provide the legal and regulatory framework to guide the implementation of smart city initiative
t) Amend the Lawful Interception Framework to be in line with global standards and best practice
u)Enact new and periodically review existing legislation governing ICTs in line with
current trends
v) Enact a legal and regulatory framework that creates an environment of market competition to among others address issues of access cost, service availability, consumer choice and quality of service among other issues.
Smart Zimbabwe 2030 Master Plan
The government of the Republic of Zimbabwe is committed to strengthening ICTs as they are
cross-cutting enablers across all sections of the society and economy. To systematically exploit
the potential of ICTs for natural development, Zimbabwe developed a Smart Zimbabwe 2030
Master Plan with the key pillars anchored on
a) Policy, Regulation and Statutes
b) Secure and Shared Infrastructure
c) Partnerships, Skills, Capacity Building and Content Development
d) Confident and Security of Network Services
This National ICT Policy correlates with aspects articulated in the Smart Zimbabwe 2030 Master Plan. The Smart Zimbabwe 2030 Master Plan speaks to the NDS1 by articulating the Digital Economy as an outcome of its implementation.
Digital Skills
The Government of Zimbabwe intends to increase digital skills across the country through enhanced teaching and learning using ICTs. The main objectives are to develop ICT Innovations, Digital Entrepreneurships, ICT industry development and growth, increase ICT literacy among others. This policy aims to provide conducive enabling environment, digital skilling platforms and mechanisms to all learning institutions to enhance digital skills development. Therefore, the following strategies that ensure resources are availed and optimally used in order to realize ICT policy goals will be implemented:
a) Mainstream ICT training into the primary, secondary, tertiary education and life-long learning systems in the context of creating a digital society
b) Establish strategic partnership with leading ICT countries and organisations for capacity building and skills exchange
c) Launch regional ICT innovation and entrepreneurship projects
d) Attract ICT skills both internally and from the diaspora
e) Lobby for the provision of renewable energy (green energy)
f) Offer PhD research incentives in ICTs and related disciplines
g) Set up ICT innovation hubs and Techno parks
h) Use broadband connectivity programs to provide internet access to all stakeholders including schools and hospitals, among other institutions.
i) Lobby for the inclusion of ICT subjects in curricula or courses offered at all levels of education
j) Train the rural population to improve their skills to use modern technological devices and services for productive purposes and in all aspects of human endeavour
k) Promote extensive capacity building and training programmes to provide adequate supply of qualified ICTs personnel and knowledge workers in all sectors
l) Capacitate the Ministry responsible for ICT to enable it to support the formulation of sector specific ICT policies that are aligned with the national ICT policy
m) Promote e-learning and use of e-learning materials throughout Zimbabwe
n) Make use of the USF to boost connectivity for remotely located schools, in order to facilitate the e-Learning Programme at all levels of education
o) Promote acquisition of lifelong digital skills by all Zimbabweans
p) Establish partnership with regional and international development partners for development of digital skills
q) Promote retention of skilled citizens
r) Support the capacity building of the security sector to enable them to provide leadershipin development, adoption and diffusion of technological/digital transformation.
To read more visit: https://www.ictministry.gov.zw/assets/documents/National%20ICT%20Policy%202022-2027.pdf